True duty lies in conduct, not custom. By refining the mind and strengthening character, the eight teachings of Hitopadeśa bridge self-welfare and social welfare. इज्याऽध्ययनदानानि तपः सत्यं धृतिः क्षमा। अलोभ इति मार्गोऽयं धर्मस्याष्टविधः स्मृतः॥ Performing sacrifices, studying the Vedas, charity, penance, speaking the truth, being patient, forgiving and not being greedy - these are the eight paths of religion. यज्ञ करना, वेद पढना, दान देना, तप करना, सत्य बोलना, धीरज धरना, क्षमाशील होना और लोभ न करना - ये धर्म के आठ मार्ग हैं।