Varāhamihira: A Luminary of Ancient Indian Astronomy Varāhamihira was one of the most brilliant minds of ancient India, flourishing in the 6th century CE. A renowned astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer, he was part of the legendary scholarly circle at Ujjain. His most celebrated work, the Pancha-Siddhantika, summarizes five earlier astronomical treatises, offering a profound insight into Indian astronomy and planetary motions. Another major contribution, Brihat Samhita, is an encyclopedic text covering astronomy, astrology, meteorology, and natural sciences. Varāhamihira was among the first to propose that the Earth is spherical and emphasized the role of accurate observation in science. His legacy reflects the advanced scientific thought of ancient India and continues to inspire scholars around the world.